Service by an alternative method

Topic

Service by an Alternative Method

Service by an alternative method refers to the process of serving legal documents in a manner other than the standard methods prescribed by the Civil Procedure Rules (CPR). This approach is typically sought when it is not possible or practical to serve the documents using the usual methods, such as personal service, post, or electronic means. The court must grant permission for service by an alternative method, ensuring that the defendant is still adequately notified of the proceedings.

Circumstances for Alternative Service

Alternative methods of service may be necessary in a variety of situations, including:

  • Difficulty Locating the Defendant: When the defendant cannot be located despite reasonable efforts, alternative methods may be used to ensure the defendant is informed.
  • Defendant's Evasion: If there is evidence that the defendant is deliberately evading service, the court may allow an alternative method to ensure the proceedings are brought to their attention.
  • Unusual Circumstances: Unique situations, such as serving a large number of individuals in a group action or serving a defendant in an unstable region, may necessitate alternative service.

Application for Alternative Service

To serve documents by an alternative method, the claimant must apply to the court for permission. The application process includes the following steps:

  • Filing an Application: The claimant must file an application notice with the court, detailing the reasons why standard methods of service are impractical or impossible. The application should include a proposed alternative method of service.
  • Supporting Evidence: The claimant must provide evidence supporting the need for alternative service. This may include affidavits or witness statements detailing efforts to locate the defendant or evidence of evasion.
  • Proposed Method of Service: The claimant must propose a method of alternative service that is likely to bring the proceedings to the defendant's attention. Examples of alternative methods include:
    • ★ Service via email or social media, particularly if there is evidence that the defendant regularly uses these channels.
    • ★ Posting notices at the defendant's last known address or a place where they are known to frequent.
    • ★ Publication in a newspaper or other public medium if the defendant's whereabouts are unknown.

Court's Consideration

When deciding whether to grant permission for service by an alternative method, the court considers several factors:

  • Reasonableness: The court will assess whether the proposed method is reasonable in the circumstances and whether it is likely to bring the proceedings to the defendant's attention.
  • Last Resort: Alternative service is generally considered a last resort, used only when all other reasonable efforts to serve the defendant have failed.
  • Fairness: The court ensures that the method of service chosen does not unfairly prejudice the defendant and provides a reasonable opportunity to respond to the proceedings.

Implementation of Alternative Service

If the court grants the application, the claimant must follow the court's directions regarding the method and timing of service. The claimant may be required to provide proof of service, demonstrating that the documents were served according to the court's order.

Consequences of Alternative Service

Service by an alternative method, once authorized by the court, is as legally effective as standard methods of service. However, it is crucial to follow the court's directions precisely to ensure the validity of the service. Failure to comply with the court's order can result in the service being deemed invalid, potentially delaying the proceedings and incurring additional costs.

Case Law

Example - Service via Facebook: *Blaney v Persons Unknown* [2012] EWHC 248 (Comm)

In this case, the High Court permitted the claimant to serve proceedings via Facebook. The court ruled that service via social media was appropriate given the circumstances, as it was likely to bring the proceedings to the defendant's attention.

Example - Posting Notice at Defendant's Address: *Nail v Jones* [2016] EWHC 2147 (Ch)

The court allowed alternative service by posting notice at the defendant's last known address. This method was deemed reasonable given the difficulty in locating the defendant through standard means.

Examples

Example 1 - Service via Social Media

Scenario:

A claimant applies to serve a claim form on a defendant through Facebook, as the defendant is known to frequently use this platform and has been evading personal service. The court grants the application, and the claimant posts the documents through a private message. The defendant acknowledges receipt, allowing the case to proceed.

Example 2 - Publication in a Newspaper

Scenario:

Unable to locate a defendant whose whereabouts are unknown, a claimant applies for permission to serve the claim form by publishing a notice in a widely circulated newspaper. The court approves the method, and the notice is published, ensuring the defendant is likely to see it.

Conclusion

Service by an alternative method is an important mechanism in civil litigation, providing flexibility in circumstances where standard service methods are impractical. The court's permission is required to ensure that such service is fair and likely to inform the defendant of the proceedings. This process safeguards the defendant's right to be notified and to participate in the legal process, ensuring that justice is served effectively.

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